Extra Credit Question +5 to quiz, explain WHY the answer you chose is correct ,and hand in on loose leaf.
ACT Question
DIRECTIONS: The passage in this test is followed by several questions. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passage as often as necessary.
You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test.
During the development of chemistry, many chemists attempted to explain the changes that occur when combustible (capable of burning) materials burn and metals corrode or rust. The following are two proposed theories.
Phlogiston Theory
According to this theory, combustible materials, such as wood, coal, or metal contain a massless "essence" or presence called phlogiston. When combustion occurs, the phlogiston is released from the combusting object and is absorbed by the air. For example, when a piece of wood is burned, phlogiston is released to the air and the wood is converted to ash. The ash is free of phlogiston and can no longer support combustion. Similarly, if a metal is heated, the phlogiston is lost to the air and the metal is converted into a nonmetallic, powdery substance called ash, or calx. The corrosion (changing of a substance by a chemical reaction) of metals, such as the rusting of iron (Fe), also involves the loss of phlogiston from the metal, but at a slower rate than burning. Rust can be turned back into metal by heating it in air with a substance rich in phlogiston, such as charcoal. A transfer of phlogiston from the charcoal to the rust converts the rust back to metal.
Oxygen Theory
According to this theory, burning and rusting involve an element called oxygen, which is found in the air. The complete combustion of a piece of wood involves the rapid reaction of the wood with oxygen gas (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a nonflammable gas, and water (H2O). The rusting of iron involves the slow reaction of iron with oxygen to produce iron oxides such as Fe2O3. These iron oxides are known as rust. Heating rust with charcoal produces iron because the charcoal combines with the oxygen in the rust. In these transformations, there is a conservation of mass (the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction). In these reactions matter is neither created nor destroyed, but merely transformed.
1. Which of the following assumptions is implicit in the Phlogiston Theory?
A. All combustible substances combine with phlogiston as they burn.
B. All substances that burn contain phlogiston.
C. Metals cannot be broken down by chemical means.
D. The loss of phlogiston by a substance will always result in the production of heat and light.
2. The Phlogiston Theory could best be tested by measuring the:
F. amount of light produced in the burning of a variety of combustible substances.
G. amount of heat produced in the burning of a variety of combustible substances.
H. masses of all the reactants and products before and after the reaction.
J. amount of water produced when a substance burns.
3. According to the Oxygen Theory, the gases produced from the complete combustion of a candle:
A. can support the breathing of a mouse.
B. are nonflammable.
C. are toxic to growing plants.
D. are rich in hydrogen gas.
4. According to the Phlogiston Theory, the complete corrosion of zinc metal in air will yield a powdery substance that:
F. cannot be converted back to zinc metal.
G. contains pure phlogiston.
H. contains no phlogiston.
J. is a combination of the zinc metal and phlogiston.
5. According to the Oxygen Theory, both the burning of a material and the rusting of a metal involve:
A. converting the elements of the material into gaseous compounds.
B. forming oxygen-containing compounds from the elements in the material.
C. removing oxygen from the material and releasing it into the air.
D. producing high temperatures as a result of the chemical reactions.
6. According to the Phlogiston Theory, the gases collected from the complete burning of a piece of charcoal in air would be capable of:
F. converting the ash from corroded tin back to tin metal.
G. supporting combustion of another piece of charcoal.
H. rusting iron.
J. converting wood ash into rust.
7. A chemist heated a sample of mercury for several days in the apparatus shown below. As the experiment proceeded, the mercury in the retort became covered with a red powder, and the volume of mercury increased in the air reservoir. The remaining material in the reservoir would not support combustion. Which of the following theories is supported by the results of this experiment?
A. The Phlogiston Theory, because the red powder resembled an ash
B. The Phlogiston Theory, because the air in the reservoir could not support combustion and therefore did not contain oxygen
C. The Oxygen Theory, because the mercury level dropped in the air reservoir indicating increased oxygen content
D. The Oxygen Theory, because the mercury level rose in the air reservoir indicating decreased oxygen content
Monday, February 2, 2009
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
CSI Journal Hand In...
Greetings,
The CSI Journals are due on my desk no later than January 22nd at 3:00 PM. Final Exam Results will be posted here January 23rd after 1 PM. THERE IS NO SCHOOL ON FRIDAY, so enjoy your day off and we will start ballistics Monday. Ballistics will cover most projectiles, blood splatter, and glass. I'll put some resource information up here as soon as I am done grading. Check at the bottom for links....
Best,
J.Dohm
The CSI Journals are due on my desk no later than January 22nd at 3:00 PM. Final Exam Results will be posted here January 23rd after 1 PM. THERE IS NO SCHOOL ON FRIDAY, so enjoy your day off and we will start ballistics Monday. Ballistics will cover most projectiles, blood splatter, and glass. I'll put some resource information up here as soon as I am done grading. Check at the bottom for links....
Best,
J.Dohm
Friday, January 16, 2009
Cold Case of the Month: St. Valentine's Day Massacre
Taken from Weird Chicago:
ST. VALENTINE'S DAY MASSACRE
2122 NORTH CLARK STREET
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
For a city that is so filled with the history of crime, there has been little preservation of the landmarks that were once so important to the legend of the mob in Chicago. Gone are the landmarks like the Lexington Hotel, where Al Capone kept the fifth floor suite and used the place as his headquarters. But most tragic, at least to crime buffs, was the destruction of the warehouse that was located at 2122 North Clark Street. It was here, on Valentine's Day 1929, that the most spectacular mob hit in gangland history took place..... the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
The building was called the S-M-C Cartage Company and was a red, brick structure on Clark Street. The events that led to the massacre began on the morning of the 14th. A group of men had gathered at the warehouse that morning, set up by a Detroit gangster who told Moran that a truck was on its way to Chicago.One of them was Johnny May, an ex-safecracker who had been hired by George "Bugs" Moran as an auto mechanic. He was working on a truck that morning, with his dog tied to the bumper, while six other men waited for the truck of hijacked whiskey to arrive. The men were Frank and Pete Gusenberg, who were supposed to meet Moran and pick up two empty trucks to drive to Detroit and pick up smuggled Canadian whiskey; James Clark, Moran's brother-in-law; Adam Heyer; Al Weinshank; and Reinhardt Schwimmer, a young optometrist who had befriended Moran and hung around the liquor warehouse just for the thrill of rubbing shoulders with gangsters.Bugs Moran was already late for the morning meeting. He was due to arrive at 10:30 but didn't even leave for the rendezvous, in the company of Willie Marks and Ted Newberry, until several minutes after that.
While the seven men waited inside of the warehouse, they had no idea that a police car had pulled up outside, or that Moran had spotted the car and had quickly taken cover. Five men got out of the police car, three of them in uniforms and two in civilian clothing. They entered the building and a few moments later, the clatter of machine gun fire broke the stillness of the snowy morning. Soon after, five figures emerged and they drove away. May's dog, inside of the warehouse, was barking and howling and when neighbors went to check and see what was going on... they discovered a bloody murder scene.
Moran's men had been lined up against the rear wall of the garage and had been sprayed with machine-guns. They killed all seven of them but had missed Bugs Moran. He had figured the arrival of the police car to be some sort of shakedown and had hung back. When the machine gunning started, he, Marks and Newberry had fled. The murders broke the power of the North Side gang and Moran correctly blamed Al Capone. No one will probably ever know who the actual shooters were, but one of them was probably Machine Gun McGurn, one of Capone's most trusted men.Surprisingly, while Moran quickly targeted Capone as ordering the hit, the authorities were baffled. Capone had been in Florida at the time of the massacre and when hearing the news, he stated, "the only man who kills like that is Bugs Moran". At the same time, Moran was proclaiming that "only Capone kills guys like that".Moran was right.... Capone had been behind the killing and this was perhaps the act that finally began the decline of Capone's criminal empire. He had just gone too far and the authorities, and even Capone's adoring public, were ready to put an end to the bootleg wars.
ST. VALENTINE'S DAY MASSACRE
2122 NORTH CLARK STREET
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
For a city that is so filled with the history of crime, there has been little preservation of the landmarks that were once so important to the legend of the mob in Chicago. Gone are the landmarks like the Lexington Hotel, where Al Capone kept the fifth floor suite and used the place as his headquarters. But most tragic, at least to crime buffs, was the destruction of the warehouse that was located at 2122 North Clark Street. It was here, on Valentine's Day 1929, that the most spectacular mob hit in gangland history took place..... the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
The building was called the S-M-C Cartage Company and was a red, brick structure on Clark Street. The events that led to the massacre began on the morning of the 14th. A group of men had gathered at the warehouse that morning, set up by a Detroit gangster who told Moran that a truck was on its way to Chicago.One of them was Johnny May, an ex-safecracker who had been hired by George "Bugs" Moran as an auto mechanic. He was working on a truck that morning, with his dog tied to the bumper, while six other men waited for the truck of hijacked whiskey to arrive. The men were Frank and Pete Gusenberg, who were supposed to meet Moran and pick up two empty trucks to drive to Detroit and pick up smuggled Canadian whiskey; James Clark, Moran's brother-in-law; Adam Heyer; Al Weinshank; and Reinhardt Schwimmer, a young optometrist who had befriended Moran and hung around the liquor warehouse just for the thrill of rubbing shoulders with gangsters.Bugs Moran was already late for the morning meeting. He was due to arrive at 10:30 but didn't even leave for the rendezvous, in the company of Willie Marks and Ted Newberry, until several minutes after that.
While the seven men waited inside of the warehouse, they had no idea that a police car had pulled up outside, or that Moran had spotted the car and had quickly taken cover. Five men got out of the police car, three of them in uniforms and two in civilian clothing. They entered the building and a few moments later, the clatter of machine gun fire broke the stillness of the snowy morning. Soon after, five figures emerged and they drove away. May's dog, inside of the warehouse, was barking and howling and when neighbors went to check and see what was going on... they discovered a bloody murder scene.
Moran's men had been lined up against the rear wall of the garage and had been sprayed with machine-guns. They killed all seven of them but had missed Bugs Moran. He had figured the arrival of the police car to be some sort of shakedown and had hung back. When the machine gunning started, he, Marks and Newberry had fled. The murders broke the power of the North Side gang and Moran correctly blamed Al Capone. No one will probably ever know who the actual shooters were, but one of them was probably Machine Gun McGurn, one of Capone's most trusted men.Surprisingly, while Moran quickly targeted Capone as ordering the hit, the authorities were baffled. Capone had been in Florida at the time of the massacre and when hearing the news, he stated, "the only man who kills like that is Bugs Moran". At the same time, Moran was proclaiming that "only Capone kills guys like that".Moran was right.... Capone had been behind the killing and this was perhaps the act that finally began the decline of Capone's criminal empire. He had just gone too far and the authorities, and even Capone's adoring public, were ready to put an end to the bootleg wars.
Final Exam Schedule for Forensics
Greetings,
Both Final Exams will be given will be given on January 20th, 2009 during 3rd and 5th period. Make up exams will be given on the 22nd and NO LATER! Grades are done on the 23rd....and onto the 2nd semester. I planned to launch this blog sight in Semester 2, but we needed a forum for the review quiz answers earlier....
More to come...
Best,
J. Dohm
Both Final Exams will be given will be given on January 20th, 2009 during 3rd and 5th period. Make up exams will be given on the 22nd and NO LATER! Grades are done on the 23rd....and onto the 2nd semester. I planned to launch this blog sight in Semester 2, but we needed a forum for the review quiz answers earlier....
More to come...
Best,
J. Dohm
Final Review Quiz Answers
Quiz #1
Quiz #2
1.C 21.D
2.A 22.A
3.D 23.C
4.B 24.B
5.A 25.D
6.C 26.D
7.A 27.B
8.B 28.A
9.A 29.C
10.C 30.A
11.D 31.C
12.A 32.A
13.B 33.A
14.B 34.B
15.A 35.A
16.C
17.D
18.A
19.D
20.A
Quiz #2
1.C 21.D
2.A 22.A
3.D 23.C
4.B 24.B
5.A 25.D
6.C 26.D
7.A 27.B
8.B 28.A
9.A 29.C
10.C 30.A
11.D 31.C
12.A 32.A
13.B 33.A
14.B 34.B
15.A 35.A
16.C
17.D
18.A
19.D
20.A
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